Degenerative Disc Disease Explained: Symptoms and Treatment Options
Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterised by the gradual breakdown of the discs that cushion the vertebrae in the spine, resulting in pain and other symptoms, most commonly experienced in the lower back and neck. While the condition is often associated with aging, new research is shedding light on the underlying causes of DDD and potential treatments.
Recent research has identified a number of factors that contribute to the development of DDD. One major factor is genetics. Studies have found that certain genetic variations may increase the risk of developing DDD, particularly in the lumbar spine. This suggests that there may be a hereditary component to the condition.
Another factor that may contribute to DDD is inflammation. Inflammation is a normal response to injury or infection, but chronic inflammation can damage tissue over time. In the case of DDD, inflammation in the discs can cause them to degenerate more quickly. Recent research has found that inflammatory cytokines, which are proteins involved in the immune response, are present in degenerated discs. This suggests that targeting inflammation may be a potential treatment approach for DDD.
In addition to inflammation, mechanical stress on the spine may also contribute to DDD. This can occur from repetitive movements, poor posture, or other factors that place excessive strain on the spine. Repetitive mechanical stress can cause changes in the structure and function of the discs, leading to degeneration over time. Disc herniation or an annular strain are often the first steps of this mechanical stress (also known as slipped disc). For more information on disc injuries see my post here. Overall, this highlights the importance of maintaining proper spinal alignment and avoiding activities that place excessive stress on the spine.
As for treatment options, recent research has identified a number of promising approaches. One approach is to use stem cells to regenerate damaged discs. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including those found in the intervertebral discs. Researchers have found that injecting stem cells into degenerated discs can stimulate tissue regeneration and improve disc function. While this approach is still in the early stages of research, it shows promise as a potential treatment for DDD.
Another treatment approach is to use growth factors to stimulate tissue regeneration. Growth factors are proteins that promote cell growth and division. Recent research has found that certain growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), can stimulate the growth of disc cells and improve disc function. This approach may also be combined with stem cell therapy for a more comprehensive treatment approach.
Finally, a less invasive and Osteopathy and physical therapy may also be an effective treatment option for DDD. Physical therapy can help improve spinal alignment, strengthen the muscles that support the spine, and reduce inflammation. Combining Osteopathic treatment with physical therapy can improve pain and function in patients with DDD, particularly when combined with other treatment approaches. Furthermore, it can also act as a preventative measure, by optimising the movement of the body, and maintaining muscle strength. For more information on the benefits of Osteopathic treatment for DDD check out my blog here!
In conclusion, recent research is shedding light on the underlying causes of degenerative disc disease and potential treatment approaches. While the condition is often associated with aging, factors such as genetics, inflammation, and mechanical stress may also play a role. Promising treatment approaches include stem cell therapy, growth factor therapy, and Osteopathy and physical therapy. By understanding the underlying mechanisms of DDD and exploring new treatment options, we can improve outcomes for patients with this common and often debilitating condition.